Understanding ADHD: Symptoms, Impact, and Support

Symptoms of ADHD

The symptoms of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) can be categorised into three types of behavioural problems:

• Inattentiveness
• Hyperactivity
• Impulsiveness

Most individuals with ADHD exhibit problems in all these categories, though this is not always the case.

ADHD in Children

For children, ADHD is typically noticeable before the age of six and occurs in multiple environments, such as at school and at home. Inattentiveness, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness can significantly affect a child's life.

Impact on Education and Social Interaction

ADHD can lead to underachievement at school, poor social interactions, and behavioural and disciplinary issues. According to the NHS, the main signs of ADHD include:

• Short attention span and easy distraction
• Careless mistakes, e.g., in schoolwork
• Forgetfulness or losing things
• Inability to stick to tedious or time-consuming tasks
• Difficulty listening or following instructions
• Constantly changing activities or tasks
• Difficulty organising tasks

Signs of Hyperactivity and Impulsiveness

• Inability to sit still, especially in calm or quiet surroundings
• Constant fidgeting
• Inability to concentrate on tasks
• Excessive physical movement
• Excessive talking
• Inability to wait their turn
• Acting without thinking
• Interrupting conversations
• Little or no sense of danger

Associated Problems and Conditions

Children with ADHD may also have other conditions such as:

• Depression
• Anxiety disorders
• Sleeping problems
• Conduct disorders
• Antisocial behaviour
• Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD)
• Epilepsy
• Tourette syndrome
• Learning difficulties, such as dyslexia

Early Diagnosis and Support

Early diagnosis is crucial for managing and understanding ADHD. Ensuring a healthy lifestyle with a balanced diet, good sleep patterns, exercise, and regular activities is important. Long periods of sitting should be broken up into 10 to 20-minute cycles.

Behavioural Management

Setting boundaries and discipline is essential, such as avoiding swearing, violence, and misbehaviour. Provide information in clear, simple instructions, delivered slowly and in a calm tone while making eye contact. Always remember, it is the behaviour that needs addressing, not the child.